Palestinian Refugees

Triggering the Inclusion Clause of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57947/qrp.v61i2.24

Keywords:

Palestinian Refugees, 1951 Convention, Middle East, UNHCR, UNRWA, UNCCP

Abstract

Palestinian refugees have not only been called the largest and most protracted refugee community (UNHCR, 2006), they also have a unique status under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees[1] (1951 Convention). What was meant to be a privilege, turned into a trap Palestinian refugees have been locked in for over seven decades, have not been able to and meant to escape from, that has served and still serves everyone well but the Palestinian refugees. If legal analysis, though, was actually allowed to lift the politically imposed veil, one would see the bars removed and the door wide open. This article focuses on Art. 1 D 1951 Convention, introduces its historical and institutional background, analyzises and interprets its exclusion and inclusion clauses and applies the outcome to the realitiy on the ground. The conclusions are astonishing, demonstrating that the very legal provision having caused the Palestinian refugees to be excluded from refugee protection in the beginning, has long been triggered for their ipso facto inclusion. Acknowledging this could become a game changer for the Palestinian fate and the Middle East Conflict.

 

[1] Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (adopted 28/7/1951, entered into force 22/4/1954, 189 UNTS 137, 1951 Convention).

Author Biography

Prof. Dr. Ralf Roßkopf, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany, and German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan

Dr. Ralf Roßkopf is a professor for law inthe Faculty of Applied Social Sciences at the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany as well as in the School of Applied Humanities and Languages at the German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan.

References

Akram, S. (2018). The search for protection for stateless refugees in the Middle East: Palestinians and Kurds in Lebanon and Jordan. International Journal of Refugee Law 30(3), 407-443.

Albanese, F. & Takkenberg, L. (2021). Palestinian refugees in international law. Oxford University Press.

Erakat, N. (2014). Palestinian refugees and the Syrian uprising: Filling the protection gap during secondary forced displacement. International Journal of Refugee Law, 26(4), 581-621.

Funke-Kaiser, M. (2022). § 3 AsylG. In M. Funke-Kaiser (Ed.), Gemeinschaftskommentar zum Asylgesetz (loose-leaf, status 2022). Luchterhand.

Goodwin-Gill, G. S. & McAdam, J. (2007). The refugee in international law (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Hathaway, J. (2016). What is the meaning of state protection in refugee law? A debate: Response. International Journal of Refugee Law, 28(3), 484-488.

Hathaway, J. & Foster, M. (2014): The law of refugee status (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Keßler, S. (2016). § 3 AsylVfG/AsylG. In R. M. Hofmann (Ed.), Ausländerrecht (2nd ed., pp. 1873-1879). Nomos.

Kraft, I. (2016). Art. 11 QRL. In K. Hailbronner & D. Thym (Eds.), EU immigration and asylum law: Commentary (2nd ed., pp. 1191-1199), Beck.

Krämer, G. (2015). Geschichte Palästinas (6th ed.). Beck.

Lyons, G. M. (1958). American policy and the United Nations Program for Korean Reconstruction, International Organization 12(2), 180-192.

Marx, R. (2019). AsylG: Kommentar zum Asylgesetz (10th ed.). Luchterhand.

Merriam-Webster (n.d.). Ipso facto. In Merriam Webster Legal Dictionary. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ipso%20facto#legalDictionary

Qafisheh, M. M. (2015): An ongoing anomaly. Pre- and post-second world war Palestinian refugees. International Journal of Refugee Law 27(1) 52-74.

Qafisheh, M. M. & Azarov, V. (2011). Art. 1 D. In A. Zimmermann (Ed.), The 1951 convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol: A commentary (pp. 537-569). Oxford University Press.

Robinson, N. (1997). Convention relating to the status of refugees: Its history, contents and interpretation (Division of International Protection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Ed.). UNHCR. (Original work published 1953).

Roßkopf, R. (2021). Humanitäres Migrationsrecht. In S. Wollenschläger (Ed.), Handbuch des Ausländerrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (loose-leaf, chapter 2B, pp. 1-404). Luchterhand.

Storey, H. (2016). What is the meaning of state protection in refugee law? A debate: Rebuttal. International Journal of Refugee Law 28(3) 488-490.

UNCCP (1949). Final report of the United Nations Economic Survey Mission for the Middle East. An approach to economic development in the Middle East, Part I. The final report and appendices (UN Doc. A/AC.25/628.12.1949). https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-211397/

UNCCP (1950). Analysis of paragraph 11 of the General Assembly's Resolution of 11 December 1948 (UN Doc. A/AC.25/W/45). Working Paper Compiles Secreteriat, 15/5/1950. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/94F1C22721945319852573CB00541447

UNNCP (1951a). Addendum to definition of a “refugee” under paragraph 11 of the General Assembly Resolution of 11 December 1948. Legal Advisor, 29/5/1951. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/C36917141A0A192A8525683A005DCE2D

UNCCP (1951b). Definition of a “refugee” under paragraph 11 of the General Assembly Resolution of 11 December 1948 (UN Doc. A/AC.25/W/61). Note by the Principal Secretary, 9/4/1951. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/418E7BC6931616B485256CAF00647CC7

UNCCP (1951c). Progress report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, covering the period from 23 January to 19 November 1951 (Official Records: Sixth Session, Supplement No. 18, A/1985). General Assembly. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-186738/

UNCCP (1961). Historical survey of efforts of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine to secure the implementation of paragraph 11 of General Assembly Resolution 194 (III). The question of compensation (UN Doc. A/AC.25/W/82/Rev.2). Working Paper, 2/10/1961. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/3E61557F8DE6781A052565910073E819

UNCCP (2020). Seventy-fourth report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UN Doc. A/75/305). https://www.un.org/unispal/document/seventy-fourth-report-of-the-united-nations-conciliation-commission-for-palestine-a-75-305/

UN General Assembly (1950). Assistance to Palestine refugees. Interim report of the Director of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (Official Records, Fifth Session, Supplement No. 19, UN Doc. A/1451/Rev.1). General Assembly, 6/10/1950. https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/EC8DE7912121FCE5052565B1006B5152

UNHCR (1993). Note on international protection (UN Doc. A/AC.96/815). 31/8/1993. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae68d5d10.html

UNHCR (2006) The state of the world’s refugees 2006. Human displacement in the new millenium. https://www.unhcr.org/publications/sowr/4a4dc1a89/state-worlds-refugees-2006-human-displacement-new-millennium.html

UNHCR (2020). Handbook on procedures and criteria for determining refugee status and guidelines on international protection under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. New edition, February 2020. https://www.unhcr.org/publications/legal/5ddfcdc47/handbook-procedures-criteria-determining-refugee-status-under-1951-convention.html

UNRWA (2009). Consolidated eligibility and registration instructions (CERI). 1/9/2009. https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/2010011995652.pdf

UNRWA (2016). Medium term strategy 2016-2021. https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/content/resources/mts_2016_2021.pdf

Wittmann, P. (2021). Art. 1 GFK. In A. Decker, J. Bader, & P. Kothe (Eds.), BeckOK Migrations- und Integrationsrecht (8th ed.). Beck. https://beck-online.beck.de/?vpath=bibdata%2fkomm%2fBeckOKMigR_10%2fcont%2fBECKOKMIGR%2ehtm

Downloads

Published

12/15/2022

How to Cite

Roßkopf, R. (2022). Palestinian Refugees: Triggering the Inclusion Clause of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Quarterly on Refugee Problems - AWR Bulletin, 61(2), 189–212. https://doi.org/10.57947/qrp.v61i2.24

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >> 

Similar Articles

1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.